In a medium saucepan combine the sugar and water over medium-high heat. Let cook, without stirring, for about 10 minutes or until the mixture turns a medium amber color.
While the sugar cooks warm the heavy cream in a small saucepan.
When the sugar is ready slowly add the heavy cream, whisking constantly for 2 minutes.
Remove from heat and add butter. Whisk until melted and smooth. Let cool.
For Brownies:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees (F). Spray a 9-inch square pan with non-stick spray and then lay thick strips of parchment paper across the bottom of the pan in a cross shape.
In a medium bowl mix with a hand mixer combine the melted butter and brown sugar. When fully combined add the eggs and vanilla. Beat until fully combined and light in color.
In a small bowl combine the flour, cocoa powder, and salt. Whisk to combine and remove any lumps.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients and mix until just combined.
Fold the chocolate chips into the batter.
Pour half of the brownie batter into the pan. Pour the caramel over the batter and spread to evenly cover. Pour the rest of the batter on top and cover the caramel.
Bake the brownies for 20-25 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with only a few moist crumbs.